How the util of iostat is computed?

iostat -x -d 

can display many i/o statistic info. For util of iostat, the explanation is :

Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (band-width utilization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this value is close to 100%

I want to know how the util was computed?

I make an experiment, (see following code), start 40 thread to randomly read 40 files. I suppose the disk util should be very high, but I am wrong, the iostat is as follow, anyone can give why? THX

Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s   r/s   w/s   rsec/s   wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util
sdb1              0.01     0.44  0.24  0.57     3.44     8.14    14.34     0.00    2.28   0.66   0.05

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

void* work(void* a)
{
    int* id = (int*)a;
    string file = "sys.partition";
    char buf[100];
    sprintf(buf, "%d", *id);
    file.append(string(buf));
    ifstream in(file.c_str());
    in.seekg(0, ios_base::end);
    size_t len = in.tellg();

    cout << "open file : "<< file << " , "<< len << endl;
    srand(time(NULL));

    while(true)
    {
        size_t pos = rand() % len;
        in.seekg(pos);
        //cout << pos << endl;
        in.read(buf, 10);
        system("sync");
    }
    in.close();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    static const int num = 40;
    pthread_t threads[num];
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)       {
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, work, &i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)       {
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }
    return 0;
}